Predictable Working Patterns: What the Workers (Predictable Terms and Conditions) Act 2023 Means for Employers
The right to a more predictable working pattern – the rules are changing!
Our friends at NIG Risk Assist have compiled this helpful explanation of what it means and how it effects employers.
The Workers (Predictable Terms and Conditions) Act 2023 was passed in September 2023.
Although no date has yet been set, the introduction of the Regulations that will support this act is likely to come into force in autumn 2024.
It therefore makes sense that employers and agencies that have people on zero hours contracts begin their preparation for when the regulations come into effect.
What it means to Workers
Many employees on zero hours contracts have little control over when they work, and many don’t even know whether they will be offered work from one week to the next.
The new act will give employees and agency workers who don’t currently have predictable working patterns, the right to ask that the number of hours they work and when those hours are worked, is made more predictable.
If a worker’s existing working pattern lacks predictability in terms of the hours they work, the times they work or the length of their contract, they will be able to make a formal request to change their working pattern to make it more predictable. Once a worker has made their request, their business will be required to notify them of their decision within one month.
How does it affect Employers?
The act doesn’t explicitly define “predictable” but is likely to refer to the employee’s (including Agency) hours worked; days of the week worked and the period of time they are employed for. The period of time will take in fixed term contracts of less than 12 months.
It is expected that most claims will come from people who are employed on casual or zero-hour contracts, but requests will also be made by employees on contracts demanding a great deal of flexibility. An example of this is shift workers whose change in shifts are not predetermined but may be altered week by week.
The Act makes it very clear that a contract of less than 12 months is not considered to be predictable. Some maternity cover contracts, for example, will fall under this heading and therefore may be a source of future requests.
Fixed term contracts over 12 months are not covered so, in order to avoid being affected by the new regulations, some employers can perhaps consider issuing only fixed term contracts for 12 months and over.
There will be a minimum service length requirement; not specified but likely to be 26 weeks which may not have to be continuous for a request to be made.
Employers’ Right to Refuse
Like flexible working, this is a right to request, not a guarantee. Employers can refuse if they can justify one of six reasons:
Additional costs
Detrimental effect on customer demand
Detrimental impact on recruitment
Detrimental impact on other areas of the business
Insufficient work during the periods requested
Planned structural changes
Employers must still handle requests in a reasonable manner. This includes responding within one month and documenting the reasons for rejection. Failure to comply could lead to an Employment Tribunal claim.
For legal background, see Acas guidance on flexible and predictable working
Dealing with requests
Employees and workers can make a maximum of two applications in any 12-month period. Their application must be in writing, state that it is a statutory predictable working application, and specify the change applied for and the proposed date they wish the change to take effect.
An agency worker can apply to the agency and/or the hirer but each request will count towards the maximum number allowed.
There will be penalties if an employer fails to follow the requirements and the employee/worker will be able to bring a claim to an Employment Tribunal. A tribunal can order the employer/agency to reconsider the application or award compensation. Compensation will be based upon the employee’s/worker’s weekly pay and will be subject to a maximum number of weeks and compensation.
Acas will introduce a new Code of Practice to help employers navigate between Flexible Working and Predictable Working requests.
Their draft Code of Practice aims to ensure that requests for a more predictable working pattern are handled in a reasonable manner so that a worker’s request is fully understood and considered. It sets out good practice on:
holding a meeting to discuss a request before making a decision
who should be allowed to accompany a worker at meetings to discuss a request
accepting a request where possible
only rejecting a request for certain legally allowed reasons and being clear about the reasons for rejecting it
offering an appeal where a request has been rejected
More information on this, including their consultation, which closes on 17 January 2024, can be found on the Acas website.
